Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos ) - 1337 Words

The marriage union has evolved from a man and a woman to same sex unions. Additionally, there has been a great increase of police brutality and numerous amounts of black on black crime. Further, they have been many breakthroughs in science, where parents can now select their baby’s gender and eye color. In regards to changes, we can ourselves a disservice to ourselves for instance, some of the ways that Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) caused damages is by altering the natural traits of our foods, negatively affecting our environment and impacting our abilities to function as regular humans. Advancements in science, genetically modified organisms have become increasingly popular in the food market, the lack of consumer consent in the choice to eat GMO’s creates an ethical dilemma. Genetic engineering can increase the prevalent amounts of vitamins in foods, for a more well-rounded meal. For example, across Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, vitamin A, deficiencies not onl y cause widespread blindness, but lack of vitamin A also kills 670,000 children under age five each year. (Borlaug, Julie.2016. Four Ways to Change the Conversation Around Agricultural Biotech). Those numbers can drop significantly if we’re aware, but because GMOs are not labeled; government regulations right now do not require the labeling of Genetically Modified products, consumers are left in the dark eating foods that are potentially lethal to our body. For example, Starlink corn, a modified cornShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1665 Words   |  7 PagesA genetically modified organism (GMO) is a chemical organism processed in a laboratory where genes from the DNA of the crops are extracted and then artificially forced into an unrelated product that, when put into the crops the farmers raise, can chemically change the makeup of the crop. The chemical makeup can be from the change in the skin color of the crop to the actual organic chemistry compound. Genetic engineering is the process of splicing the genes in the crop and taking out a certain chemicalRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms, Or Gmos, Are Genetically966 Words   |  4 Pages Genetically Modified Organisms, or GMOs, are genetically modified plants, animals, or microorganisms whose genetic information has been modified by DNA-editing methods such as DNA splicing or gene modification. This modification creates unstable combinations of plant, animal, or bacterial genes that are not found in nature (GMO Facts). It is the right of the consumer to know exactly what they are consuming. However, in the United States, it is not required that food containing GMOs has to be labeledRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )996 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are seeds that are genetically altered in a laboratory before being planted. Later on, they grow into genetically modified (GM) foods. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) A GMO is a plant-based organism, such as seed. However, it has: Genes that are altered to act in a certain way that does not naturally happen OR Contains genes from another plant-based organism History Since 1994, about 85 GM foods have been approved for sale in Canada. This includes GM foodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1236 Words   |  5 PagesLayla Sugawara 4/12/15 9/Fe Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetics has been altered by some form of technology. GMOs were first developed from the idea of selective breeding or artificial selection. Selective breeding or artificial selection is when humans purposely breed two selected organisms to reproduce a offspring with a desired trait. The beginning of genetic engineering is unclear. Before the 1900s, some farmers and naturalistsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Or Gmos1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthese innovation scientists have been working with are genetically modified organisms, or GMOs for short. The topic of GMOs is extremely controversial. There are those who back it one hundred percent, and those who seek to see it destroyed. While much of GMOs’ fame comes from the field of genetically modified foods, it is most certainly not limited to it. A quieter, and perhaps more imaginary field of GMOs has to do with genetically modified pigs. Scientists have been reworking the genes of someRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1383 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is one of the most important issues around the world. Genetic engineering is a process where scientists take genes from one species and force it into the DNA of other species. GMO has long been in practice to b reed select individuals of a species to produce offspring of the desirable behaviors. It is used in conventional livestock production, crop farming and even pet breeding. It involves combining elements of DNA from different sources to create a new DNA moleculeRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1775 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Between 1996 and 2008, US farmers sprayed an extra 383 million pounds of herbicide on GMOs† (Smith). For more than 20 years GMOs have been produced and placed on store shelves; there are many recognized and uncertain hazards that may affect the health of humans and the environment (Ehrenberg). Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), although they provide many benefits to the economy and food supply, are associated with numerous environmental implications; there is a noticeable increase of food allergiesRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1525 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are highly embedded into our food systems. The use of GMOs is a subject that is often highly debated. GMOs have been viewed as a way to produce food more efficiently, and to aid in the feeding of our ever growing population. However, there are numerous countries that have placed a ban on the use of these products. Comparing production increases in the U.S. to those countries that have banned the use of GMOs will help to give insight into why these products mayRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )2083 Words   |  9 PagesABSTRACT Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic make-ups have been changed, inserted or deleted into another organisms. While the safety, disadvantages, and public concerns of genetically modified foods has grown significantly with the productivity of the genetic engineered foods. The problem can be solved with stricter regulations for manufacturer from the Food and Drug Administration and U.S Department of Agriculture. Some of many possible solutions to the genetically modifiedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1194 Words   |  5 Pagesof? If you are eating anything that was processed more likely than not you’re eating genetically modified organisms (GMO) in some way. This is because â€Å"in the U.S. GMO are in as much as 80% of conventional processed food (Non-GMO project).† A GMO is a â€Å"genetically modified organisms† which can be a plant or animal. What makes them a GMO is that they have been genetically engineered with DN A of another organisms that has a desired trait of some kind. The DNA used can come from other animals and plants

Abraham Lincoln the Symbol of the Unlimited Possibilities...

Abraham Lincoln - Symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life commemorative speech http://www.speech-writers.com  © www.speech-writers.com CSABCAbraham Lincoln ?Symbol of The Unlimited Possibilities of american Life There are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they can be credited with saving a nation. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was one such man. More than one hundred years after his assassination, ‘Honest Abe as he has become known, shows no signs of losing his touch. He sits enshrined in his own monument with his famous words etched in stone around him. He commands respect, honour and the everlasting thanks of the American people. More than a†¦show more content†¦In spite of high casualties and falling morale, when Atlanta finally fell to the Union, Lincoln was re-elected for a second term. Lincoln s second inaugural address is according to some, one of the greatest of all his speeches. In it, he looks forwards not only to the coming end of the war but also towards the future. His plea should never be forgotten, Malice towards none: Charity towards all . Part of Abraham Lincoln s legacy is the fact that he was very much a human figure. We know many details of his life including that of his courtship and quiet marriage to Mary Todd. Theirs was tender and loving relationship scarred by loss and tragedy. Of the four sons born to them, only one grew into adulthood. The quiet and loving home life the president enjoyed was in stark contrast to the violence and hatred that was tearing the nation apart. After the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomatox on April 9 1865, a weary nation waited to see what Lincoln s response would be. An expectant crowd gathered outside the White House. Lincoln addressed them for the last time. In his speech he tackled the thorny issues of reuniting a country split by war. In that same speech he talked about the rights of freed slaves. He now talked openly about black suffrage. Listening in that crowd was one John Wilkes Booth, a racist and aShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesto avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States. As the manager of an electric company and owner of a ranch and mines, Jim expressed contempt for black Americans who continued to submit to segregation and live in poverty. Langston Hughes, 1933 (Library of Congress) Langston was not ashamed of being a black American. He had already written poems celebrating his heritage. He felt connected to the oppressed brown people of the world and hated his father for mistreating his MexicanRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesproblem without bringing in the most relevant information. This first chapter explains what it means to be logical—to reason logically. It demonstrates the usefulness of logical reasoning as a means to making more effective decisions about your own life—decisions about what to believe and decisions about what to do. The chapter begins a systematic program of study of all the major topics regarding logical reasoning. Along the way, the book focuses on developing the following five skills: (1) writingRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pages 2006). Stakeholders play a vital role within corporate communication and for the development of CSR. Archie Carroll (1991) asserts that it exists a â€Å"natural fit between the idea of CSR and an organization’s stakeholders† (Carroll 1991: 43). The American author goes even further by stating that the word â€Å"social† in CSR has always been vague and lacking in the specific direction as to whom the corporation is responsible. The concept of stakeholder personalizes social or societal responsibilities byRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesthis book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First published in 2007 Libraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 A Member of the Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National InformationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesStress-Reduction Techniques 144 SKILL ANALYSIS 147 Cases Involving Stress Management 147 The Turn of the Tide 147 The Case of the Missing Time 150 SKILL PRACTICE 155 Exercises for Long-Term and Short-Run Stress Management The Small-Wins Strategy 155 Life-Balance Analysis 156 Deep Relaxation 158 Monitoring and Managing Time 159 SKILL APPLICATION 161 Activities for Managing Stress 161 Suggested Assignments 161 Application Plan and Evaluation 162 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA Stress Management AssessmentRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSkills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce Diversity 10 The Workforce Today 10 DID YOU KNOW?: Chief Diversity Officer 11 How Diversity Affects HRM 11 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Diversity Awareness 12 What Is a Work/Life Balance? 12 DID YOURead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesShifts in U.S. Labor Force, 1996—2006 80 70 Percentage of Workforce 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 African–American 1996 Asian 2006 Projected Hispanic White 75.3 72.7 11.3 11.6 4.3 5.4 9.5 11.7 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 1996—2006. 8 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment are expected to increase faster than the African-American labor force. This increase means that non-whites will compose about 28% of the U.S. labor force

Positive Behavior Interventions Free Essays

Positive Behavior Interventions Managing classroom behavior is one of the tasks most challenging for beginning teachers and even some veteran teachers. A national survey revealed that 20% of first- year teachers did not feel adequately prepared to maintain order and discipline in their classroom (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). I struggle with controlling individuals’ behavior that interrupts the other students learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Behavior Interventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now A research was designed to show how a specific management strategy helped decrease inappropriate behavior and increase appropriate behavior. The research combined with my experience in the classroom helped me come to the conclusion of how to promote positive behavior. The study was looking at the effects of teachers prompting appropriate behavior on the off task behavior of two middle school students. Prompts are used as reminders and they can be verbal, visual, gestural, and physical but they should be specific and frequent for them to be effective. The study took place in an urban middle school with 1000 students across grades 5-8. The two participants in the study was Owen, an 11 year old male in the fifth grade and Tom, a 12 year old male in sixth grade. They were in general education classes and both were academically able to complete the work when not engaging in off task behaviors. Their off task behaviors included getting out of their seat, talking out, making disruptive noises, and talking to peers. Data was collected in the classes where problem behaviors were most likely to occur for each student. The dependent variable in the research was direct observation to document students’ on-and off-task behavior and the independent variable is the verbal prompt addressed to each student. The verbal prompt was given only one time at the beginning of class and was alternated every other day and it was â€Å"Be respectful, be responsible, and have pride. Do your best! † The results showed that both students engaged in less off-task behavior when they were prompted than when they were not. The teachers also commented that they saw an improvement in academic performance during classes when the student was prompted. They believed that prompting increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate behavior. This study shows that prompting is a simple and effective strategy that may be implemented successfully with students who engage in off-task behavior in a general education classroom setting. I would use prompting in my classroom because prompting requires minimal training and effort to implement so it would be an ideal strategy for me to use for managing student behavior. In my classroom now I have many behavior problems in my last period class. They will talk over me and disrupt me when I was giving directions or trying to explain something to the class. One day I decided to use prompting and I did it at the beginning of class and at the end of class by saying â€Å"Today we will not be disruptive and we will be respectful and raise our hands if we have a comment or question† I was very surprised to see how much this improved classroom behavior as a whole. The students then were able to be on task and actual learn more when they were not disruptive. In conclusion, prompting is shown to increase appropriate behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior. Prompts can be effective even in different settings and not just in the classroom. The article stated that prompts delivered over the phone to encourage people to exercise where effective at increasing exercise behavior (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). Prompting should be used inside and outside the classroom to improve positive behaviors. Classroom management can become much easier for first year teachers if they use the strategy of prompting combined with other strategies. Reference Faul, A. , Stepensky, K. , Simonsen, B. (2011). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two middle school students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. doi: 10. 1177/1098300711410702 How to cite Positive Behavior Interventions, Papers Positive Behavior Interventions Free Essays Positive Behavior Interventions Managing classroom behavior is one of the tasks most challenging for beginning teachers and even some veteran teachers. A national survey revealed that 20% of first- year teachers did not feel adequately prepared to maintain order and discipline in their classroom (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). I struggle with controlling individuals’ behavior that interrupts the other students learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Behavior Interventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now A research was designed to show how a specific management strategy helped decrease inappropriate behavior and increase appropriate behavior. The research combined with my experience in the classroom helped me come to the conclusion of how to promote positive behavior. The study was looking at the effects of teachers prompting appropriate behavior on the off task behavior of two middle school students. Prompts are used as reminders and they can be verbal, visual, gestural, and physical but they should be specific and frequent for them to be effective. The study took place in an urban middle school with 1000 students across grades 5-8. The two participants in the study was Owen, an 11 year old male in the fifth grade and Tom, a 12 year old male in sixth grade. They were in general education classes and both were academically able to complete the work when not engaging in off task behaviors. Their off task behaviors included getting out of their seat, talking out, making disruptive noises, and talking to peers. Data was collected in the classes where problem behaviors were most likely to occur for each student. The dependent variable in the research was direct observation to document students’ on-and off-task behavior and the independent variable is the verbal prompt addressed to each student. The verbal prompt was given only one time at the beginning of class and was alternated every other day and it was â€Å"Be respectful, be responsible, and have pride. Do your best! † The results showed that both students engaged in less off-task behavior when they were prompted than when they were not. The teachers also commented that they saw an improvement in academic performance during classes when the student was prompted. They believed that prompting increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate behavior. This study shows that prompting is a simple and effective strategy that may be implemented successfully with students who engage in off-task behavior in a general education classroom setting. I would use prompting in my classroom because prompting requires minimal training and effort to implement so it would be an ideal strategy for me to use for managing student behavior. In my classroom now I have many behavior problems in my last period class. They will talk over me and disrupt me when I was giving directions or trying to explain something to the class. One day I decided to use prompting and I did it at the beginning of class and at the end of class by saying â€Å"Today we will not be disruptive and we will be respectful and raise our hands if we have a comment or question† I was very surprised to see how much this improved classroom behavior as a whole. The students then were able to be on task and actual learn more when they were not disruptive. In conclusion, prompting is shown to increase appropriate behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior. Prompts can be effective even in different settings and not just in the classroom. The article stated that prompts delivered over the phone to encourage people to exercise where effective at increasing exercise behavior (Faul, Stepensky Simonsen, 2011). Prompting should be used inside and outside the classroom to improve positive behaviors. Classroom management can become much easier for first year teachers if they use the strategy of prompting combined with other strategies. Reference Faul, A. , Stepensky, K. , Simonsen, B. (2011). The effects of prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two middle school students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 14(1), 47-55. doi: 10. 1177/1098300711410702 How to cite Positive Behavior Interventions, Essay examples

Evaluate The Adherence To The Policies Of The Internal Control

Question: Discuss about the Evaluate The Adherence To The Policies Of The Internal Control. Answer: Introduction The different types of the considerations for the internal controls are seen to be based on the several types of the evaluation which has been able to state on the specific assumption of accounting and auditing process which has a relevance to assure the objectives of the organization in terms of the operational effectiveness and efficiency. The application of compliance and law along with the relevant policies is seen to be an important part of the application of the internal control on the process of auditing. A more holistic consideration of the internal control has been further applied with consideration of the control risk factors. The internal control adherence has been further discussed with the technical literature such as ISAs and other regulatory references. The company chosen to evaluate the adherence to the policies of the internal control has been further seen with Singapore Airlines Limited (Regoliosi dEri, 2014). Technical Literature of ISA The different types of the scope of International Standard on Auditing (ISA) have been seen to be dealing with the responsibility for the recognition and measurement of the risk of material misstatement in the financial records. This has been further based on the assessment of accepting of the environment and entitys internal control. The date of implementation of ISA has been further seen to be effective from the December 15, 2009. The main objective of the auditor is identified with the identification and the assessment of the risk of the material misstatement due to the material misstatements in the financial statement and assertion levels with the understanding of the entity and the environment. The entitys internal control has been further seen to be designed as per the implementation of the responses which has been assessed as per the material misstatement (Rikhardsson Dull, 2016). The main purpose of the attributes of ISA has been further seen to be base on the various types of the assumptions which has been seen to be associated to the assertions, business risk internal control, procedure for risk assessment and significant procedures. Among the different type of the attribute under the Isa the ain consideration for the internal control has been further seen to be associated to designed, implementation and the maintenance of the governance, management decisions and the other personnel for providing a reasonable assurance, which has been seen to be based on the accomplishment of the entitys objectives in addition to the reliability, effectiveness and efficiency of the financial reporting. ISA has been further able to consider the different types of the decision which has been seen to be associated complaisance and applicable legislations (Schroeder Shepardson, 2016). The entitys internal control has been taken into account as per the understanding of the various type of the process who has are seen to be based on the internal control which is seen to be relevant to the audit process. Most of the audit process under the internal control has been further seen to be associated to the financial reporting which is relevant to the overall audit process. Some of the main form of the components of internal control has been further associated with control environment (Mihret, 2014). In this particular aspect the auditor will be able to identify the various types of the measures which have been seen to be associated to the adoption the different types the measures for evaluating whether management will have the oversight of charging thee governance and maintain an appropriate culture with honesty and ethical behaviour. Some of the various types of the consideration of the internal control, has been further seen to be based on the strength and the procedure s conducive to the control environment and the different type the other elements which has been seen to be related to the consideration of the appropriate foundation of the components of the internal controls (Al-Akra et al., 2016). It also assures whether thee consideration of the various types of the internal control has been further able to provide the components undermined with the deficiencies of the internal control. As per the entitys internal controls, auditor will be able to understand the various types of the aspects of the internal control which has been seen to be relevant with the audit process and related to the overall financial reporting of the data, it has been further seen with internal control method which has been seen with various types of the matters which relate to the auditors professional judgement and the combination of the various type the other methods which has been seen to be having the relevance of other audit procedure (Zaman Sarens, 2013). Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) Singapore is considered with specialized organisation dedicated with the advancement and development of the internal audit profession. The main establishment of this has been seen to done in the year 1976, with the member of IIA Singapore as per the international community of 180000 professionals in more than 170 countries and territories are further seen to share a common vision for the advancement in the professional growth in the internal and the value addition process which has been further seen to be based on the depiction mainly related to the accounting, governance, compliance, security, information technology audit and internal control. The main mission of IIA Singapores mission has been discerned in terms of depicting the different types of the internal control measure which has been seen to be associated to the consideration of the advancement of the values to the organisations. The vision of the authority and the internal audit prof essional has been considered as indispensible with the effective governance, control and risk management (Mohamud, 2013). The Control Self Assessment (CSA) The only consideration for IIA Singapore can be applied with the Certification in Control Self-Assessment (CCMS). The first time user of CCMS has been able to see with the requirement of creating profile in CCMS. The visit in the forms section has been further seen to be based on the various types of the consideration which has been seen to be associated to the creation of new profile in CCMS. This has been further seen with the visiting of the forms section and selection of the application as per the choice. The main consideration of the CCSA deals with the topics such as business objectives, risk controls and fundamental processes (Leng Zhang, 2014). Achieving business results in Singapore Airlines Limited It has been discerned that Singapore Airlines Board has been committed with continuous enhancing of the shareholder value by maintenance of standard of corporate governance, strong internal control and risk management systems. The various types of the internal controls and the internal audit of the SIA are seen to be independent department with the report directly to the Audit committee. The internal control has been further based on the regular evaluations of the SIA groups internal audit based on the members of the Singapore chapter as per the internal auditors and meet the various types of the standards as per the professional practice set by Internal Auditing set by the IIA.s The control of the self assessment (CSA) programme has been established in FY 2003-2004 (Davidson et al., 2013). This has been provided with the management to obtain the various types of the assurance which has been seen to be associated with the operating departments management to review and per annum on the adequacy of the units control environment. It has been further seen with various types the internal audit is seen to be performed with the various types of the consideration of the independent and the random review during a p articular year to validate the results of self assessment (Church Schneider, 2016). The governance of the company has been seen to be co0ntinually maintaining of high standards related to high standards of CG practices along with various types of the professionalism, integrity, commitment level. This has been further seen to be underpinned by risk management system along with internal controls (Moeller, 2015). Conclusion (ISA) have been seen to be dealing with the responsibility for the recognition and assessment of the risk of financial records. This has been further based on the assessment of understanding of the environment and entitys internal control. The date of implementation of ISA has been further seen to be effective from the December 15, 2009. Internal control has been taken into account as per the understanding of the various type of the process who has are seen to be based on the internal control which is seen to be relevant to the audit process. Most of the audit process under the internal control has been further seen to be associated to the financial reporting which is relevant to the overall audit process. Some of the main form of the components of internal control has been further associated with control environment. The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) Singapore is considered with qualified organisation dedicated with the advancement and development of the internal audit profes sion. The main establishment of this has been seen to done in the year 1976, with the members of IIA Singapore as per the global community of 180000 professionals in more than 170 countries and territories are further seen to share a common vision for the advancement in the professional growth in the internal and the value addition process which has been further seen to be based on the depiction mainly related to the accounting, governance, compliance, security, information technology audit and internal control. References Al-Akra, M., Abdel-Qader, W., Billah, M. (2016). Internal auditing in the Middle East and North Africa: A literature review. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 26, 1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2016.02.004 Church, B. K., Schneider, A. (2016). The Impact of Section 302 and 404(b) Internal Control Disclosures on Prospective Investors Judgments and Decisions: An Experimental Study. International Journal of Auditing, 20(2), 175185. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12065 Davidson, B. I., Desai, N. K., Gerard, G. J. (2013). The Effect of Continuous Auditing on the Relationship between Internal Audit Sourcing and the External Auditors Reliance on the Internal Audit Function. Journal of Information Systems, 27(1), 4159. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-50430 Leng, J., Zhang, L. (2014). Research and Discussing on Internal Control Auditing. Research and Discussing on Internal Control Auditing. Modern Economy, 5(5), 785790. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2014.57072 Mihret, D. G. (2014). How can we explain internal auditing? The inadequacy of agency theory and a labor process alternative. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(8), 771782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2014.01.003 Moeller, R. R. (2015). Sarbanes-Oxley Internal Controls: Effective Auditing with AS5, CobiT, and ITIL. Sarbanes-Oxley Internal Controls: Effective Auditing with AS5, CobiT, and ITIL. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119197119 Mohamud, H. A. (2013). Internal Auditing Practices and Internal Control System in Somali Remittance Firms. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(4), 165172. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510619683 Regoliosi, C., dEri, A. (2014). Good corporate governance and the quality of internal auditing departments in Italian listed firms. An exploratory investigation in Italian listed firms. Journal of Management and Governance, 18(3), 891920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-012-9254-1 Rikhardsson, P., Dull, R. (2016). An exploratory study of the adoption, application and impacts of continuous auditing technologies in small businesses. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 20, 2637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2016.01.003 Schroeder, J. H., Shepardson, M. L. (2016). Do SOX 404 control audits and management assessments improve overall internal control system quality? In Accounting Review (Vol. 91, pp. 15131541). https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51360 Zaman, M., Sarens, G. (2013). Informal interactions between audit committees and internal audit functions. Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(6), 495515. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686901311329892

Oregon Sales Tax Debate Essay Sample free essay sample

The argument on Oregon gross revenues revenue enhancement is economically cardinal in specifying the range of its economic position. However. like any other economic system. Oregon gross revenues revenue enhancement provides a tool for the authorities income every bit good as act uponing the range of net incomes by the manufacturers and Sellerss of the economic end products. Basically. the state went into an economic recession in the twelvemonth 2001. Due to the consequence of the same economic recession. the current argument is to supply evidences with which taxpayers would be returned their extra gross through revenue enhancement discounts as per the 1979 jurisprudence. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt ) Gross saless revenue enhancements are of import beginnings of authorities income for the state since its 2001 recession. Through the legislative argument which seeks to supply a sum of $ 650 million as revenue enhancement discounts to the assorted taxpayers of single every bit good as corporate capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Oregon Sales Tax Debate Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economically. the revenue enhancement argument provides constructions for assorted economic deductions. At one degree. since the economic system is at recession. revenue enhancement rebates bases in being a possible attack with which the state can resuscitate its economic system. The argument is allied to supplying revenue enhancement discounts to the corporations and persons each of which provides constituents of gross revenues revenue enhancement through trade good ingestion ( single degree ) and production ( corporate degree ) . This is an of import tool if the enlargement of the Oregon economic system is neer to be compromised. Through such discounts. the cost of production for the corporations through the diverse array of resource inputs is reduced. This is done constructions that help to redefine the mode with which the cost of production can be safeguarded to being at the most appropriate degree. Elsewhere. revenue enhancement discounts to the single individuals would assist to increase their income as the providers of the resource inputs through employment to the corporations and as consumers of the corporate end product. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt ) With deduction of economic recession. the Oregon economic system can merely be sustained and brought to growing and development through expansionary economic factors both in footings of pecuniary and financial policy tools. Through revenue enhancement discounts by the authorities. this is a tool for authorities disbursement in the economic system which helps to increase the income and money supply in the economic system. Since the stableness of the economic system is defined by the stableness of the round flow of income in the economic system. revenue enhancement discount would possibly be a benchmark for supplying support for adequate and optimum activity for economic growing and development. ( Arkelof. 2003. 1 ) Though the deduction of the revenue enhancement discount would be dearly-won in the short tally to the authorities which is even confronting shortages in its income capacity. the long tally position in the economic system is a position which helps to make economic efficiency. By and large. since revenue enhancement discount on sale revenue enhancement is authorities disbursement. the supply of money within the economic system would therefore grow in correspondence to the ratio of the authorities disbursement multiplier consequence. This would connote a greater range in its economic map. The short tally deduction of such gross revenues revenue enhancement discounts would hence be immense revenue enhancement influx from the gross revenues revenue enhancement remunerators when the economic activity of production and purchase of resource inputs is positively motivated. By and large. the future strength of higher gross revenues revenue enhancement can merely be provided by constructions t hat promote higher production and ingestion in the aggregative demand and supply. Such discounts provide strength for the round flow of income between the authorities. the families and the concern corporations. ( Britton. 2002. 1 ) Ideally. the consequence of higher gross revenues revenue enhancement to the state under the effects of recession can merely be developed through expansionary financial policy which can be achieved through decreased corporate gross revenues revenue enhancements and increased authorities disbursement. Through lower gross revenues revenue enhancements. this is a decrease in the cost of production for the corporations which would therefore assist to construct its productive capacity hence higher aggregative supply and aggregative demand. Elsewhere. through discount ( authorities disbursement ) . the economic system is supplied with higher consequence of economic threshold which increases the demand every bit good as the supply of trade goods. The long tally deduction of lower revenue enhancement and higher authorities disbursement in Oregon would be higher authorities gross through higher revenue enhancement grosss from the hereafter developed position of the state. Work cited. Arkelof. G. ( 2003 )Behavioral Macroeconomics and MacroeconomicBehavior. American Economist. vol. 47. Britton. A. ( 2002 )Macroeconomicss and History. Natural Institute Economic Review. 2002. Corvallis Gazette Times. Archived Articles. Retrieved on 18ThursdayMarch 2008 from. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt

The Crusides Essay Example

The Crusides Essay Example The Crusides Essay The Crusides Essay Please create two journal entries. For the first journal entry you will write as if you are a Crusader. You should discuss the long journey it took for you to reach Jerusalem, your reasons for participating in the Crusades, and any fears you might have. For the second journal entry, you will take on the role of a muslim living in the city of Jerusalem writing about the Crusaders and the attack on the city. 1. Crusader- Dear journal, My days on the ship were ever lasting they seemed to never end but I hung in there. I would see other Crusaders on the ship and they seemed to be ill or sea sick. If you tried asking another Crusader if he was sea sick or not he would say no. Now I myself became a Crusader because I not only wanted to see the land that Jesus live and taught on I wanted to live on it. I was simply a Peasant and I was hoping to get land and freedom from service on the Manor, I was tired of it. Even though at times while I was on the ship I would worry about it sinking or about us getting lost in the middle of the ocean. When we finally arrived close to land we were already almost out of supplies so pulled up to dock and we later learned that we had docked at Italy and they supplied us with reinforcements. When we neared Palestine everybodyy started going crazy on the ship everyone was running around on the ship. As I was preparing to leave the ship I ran into one of the Kings and we started to talk and he told me that if I survived the battle at Jerusalem, he would give me some land and some of his Serfs. My thoughts when we were about to depart the ship were I did what I wanted to do, Ive accomplished it. I also thought why this place was important to us Crusaders and i thought this land is Important to us because this is the land that Jesus lived and taught on and it was the birthplace for Judaism. My thoughts going into this were crazy and I was nervous, But then my thoughts were over and everything just happened and then I wrote this. 2. Muslim- Invasions was all i could see coming. Invasions, Invasions of Christian Crusaders that wanted to take our land from us. We took this land from the Byzanite emperor, and then the Byzanite emperor turned around and sked Pope Urban ll for help, And now here they are. As they invade I sit here and write that is all i can do because they will catch you trying to run from the city and keep you as a servant to the Kings. So all I can do is write and watch. The reason that we conquered Palestine was to make it our first Oiblah and we did. Now they are determined to come and get our land and they will they already have invaded and there is only a ce rtain amount of time before they come get me. So with this I leave my journal untill next time.

French Philosopher Sartre on Consciousness Essay

French Philosopher Sartre on Consciousness - Essay Example Articles about him ranged from speculations about the trauma which led to his philosophies in later life to what some refer to as his "God problem." His importance lies, however, in the defence of his stand on the absolute right of humans to freedom and responsibility. (O'Donohoe, 2005) Sartre wrote about many things, mainly the essence of what it is to be human. Later on in his life, he became interested in political philosophy and dabbled in the teachings of Marxism. However, among his earliest concepts and for which he based his theory of "existentialism" involved the structure and nature of human consciousness, which he eventually attempted to explain in what is considered his masterpiece, "Being or Nothingness." (Onof, 2006) In the text, he discloses that consciousness is always contained within a physical structure. (O'Donohoe) It cannot be free-floating not can it exist after its physical structure ceases to be. This is the point in which he posits that there is no Supreme Being who created man and is the source of all moral values. Since he claims that consciousness exists for only as long as its physical structure, there is no afterlife in which the soul will return to this Supreme Being after death and receive its just rewards. Sartre defended this position of physical finality with varying success throughout his career. Without an object to define itself, consciousness would not be possible It is always positive and transparent, not to be confined within limits of perceptions of what it should be or what it had been or what it is not. The essence of consciousness relies solely on its existence, as it is and simply as is. The appearance of consciousness is at the same time as its essence. There are no hidden meanings or ambiguities. Clearly, this correlates to the identification of what it is not, for if it is a constantly changing process, how can it be defined for what it is Just as an example to further explain his view, think of water changing form from liquid to gas to solid and so on. Consciousness is not the water nor is it the different forms it takes but rather the process from one state to the next. If we follow this reasoning, logically the essence being is continuously in flux, always in the process of becoming not what it had been. Consciousness is not a state of being but an activity, a process of going towards something. It is the activity that defines consciousness, not consciousness in itself. Sarte explains that it is not the end result if there ever will be one that denotes consciousness, nor is it the present state of a being. Rather, consciousness is the constant process that takes place within one's self. In which situation, it is safe to say that based on his concept, consciousness is fluid, and cannot be fixed or placed in a state of inertia. Let us explain further that by a process we do not mean a single procedure repetitively done but an ever-changing process, and always by choice. This is another important concept Sartre maintains throughout his life, that humans are free to choose.  The awareness presents the being with choices at every turn and each choice carries a corresponding consequence.  Ã‚  

Brand Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brand Integrity - Assignment Example He should communicate with the employees, and recognize their contribution towards the brand promise. In an unfavorable economic environment, holding on to the loyal customers is the key to success. The article poses five questions as part of the ‘Excellence Audit’. These questions focus on team members being committed to a common cause and giving in their best to achieve that cause. This audit uncovers the strengths and weaknesses of the organization with the help of quantitative data. A quiz comprising of ten questions that helps examine how connected the employees are to the brand promise is also mentioned in the article. The article puts forth a potentially controversial argument that the customers come second and that, in reality, employees of the organization who serve these customers come first. The article, through a dialogue conveys that the marketplace customer is â€Å"first† but the employee serving the customer is â€Å"more first†. The internal ambience, excitement, exuberance and spirit of the organization should create that magnetic pull on the customer, asserts the article. The article also suggests that every employee has the potency to become a leader if the leadership development process is initiated early. When the business environment is not propitious, say there is a recession, cost cutting, layoffs are a common phenomenon. The pressure on profitability may lead managers to ignore the needs of the employees as well as the customers. I feel that gains obtained by compromising the brand promise or not treating the employees in a fair manner would be short-lived. An organization gains the most through its loyal customers. It is important to remember that customers will remain loyal only if the brand delivers on its promise. Thus, any attempt to hoodwink the customer will have adverse consequences on brand performance. As stated in the

Women in the Struggle for Americas Independence Essay - 1

Women in the Struggle for Americas Independence - Essay Example Patriot women also engaged in their traditional weaving to make clothes for local consumption. Reduced market on imported products did not only interfere with local economic development but also forced local community to appreciate traditional values. Although women were not allowed to actively participate in the country’s economy, Africa America and housewives utilized their purchasing power to support patriot women by cause through refusing to purchase British manufactured products. Refusal to purchase and consume British manufactured products was used to communicate a very critical political message to the British government. In addition, to demonstrate their concern in the United States of America affairs, American women formed the first women political Movement Edenton Tea Party. The formation of this movement resulted in the signing by 51 women an agreement to officially boycott tea and other products that were produced in Britain. Even though, it was an America policy to use local products at the expense of international produced products; it was America women who enacted the initiative in their household. In 1778, a good number of women confronted a merchant who was holding and selling British coffee and confiscated the coffee.  Although women role in the war was concentrated in family economic, the revolution witnessed women participation in broader economic perspectives.  Ã‚   Women actively participated in the lively revolution by being recruited in legislative bodies and in the military.   

Effects Of Circumcision

Effects Of Circumcision More often people here about circumcision as a religious rite among Jews and Muslims and less likely this procedure is discussed from a medical point of view. There is no consensus about its feasibility and even doctors can not determine whether this procedure needed or not. According to statistics, about 1/7 of the world male are circumcised and, in most cases it is for religious reasons. In Europe, male circumcision is not very popular, unlike the U.S., where more than 50% of boys are circumcised, mostly for reasons of hygiene (Rosen, 2010). There are vivid reasons for this procedure the same as effects which should be thought out thoroughly. The tradition of circumcision appeared in a primitive society, when the transition of boys into the group of adult men was accompanied by a rite of initiation. During the initiation, young men were not just receiving the traditions and intimate knowledge of the tribe, but also subjected to physical tests, among which the circumcision was perhaps not the most painful. European and American part of the population is very ambivalent about this process. For example, in the early 60s in Western countries there was the so-called the boom of circumcision. Through the process of cutting off the foreskin were going almost all male adult and newborn babies. However, in the 70ies-80ies the boom finished and there was a time to sum up the results (it should be noted that according to statistics, nowadays about 80% of American men are circumcised) (Joseph, 2010). In the modern world circumcision is made in some peoples of Australia, Oceania, and Africa. The most widespread, circumcision is in the religious rites of Judaism and Islam. So in some religions, circumcision is an obligatory ritual; for example Muslims circumcise children when they are 8-13 years old, while Jews do it already on the 8th day after the birth (Anwar, 2010). Circumcision is a minor surgery aimed to remove the foreskin of the penis. The result of the complete removal of the foreskin is an open glans penis; as a result of partial removal of the foreskin, an opening of glans penis is achieved (Castellsague, 2002). The question of circumcision is very discussible and has a lot of proponents and opponents. Doctors have sounded positive and negative effects of circumcision. Discussing the positive effects, the most vivid are: the reduce of probability of occurrence the reproductive system malignant tumors; increased duration of coitus due to the absence of the foreskin, the glans penis becomes less sensitive during the frictions that contributes to delay of ejaculation (though this point may not always be considered as positive); improvement in the appearance of the penis. It is also proved that there is a connection between inflammation in the area of ​​the foreskin and urinary tract infection. Thus, while examining of 100 children with urinary tract infection in age from 5 days to 8 months, it was noticed that 95% of them were boys and all of them were not circumcised (Ginsberg CM, 1982). The survey of U.S. military showed that the incidence of urinary tract infections is 10-20 times higher in men who havent been circumcised (Wiswell TE, 1987). One more positive medical effect of circumcision is that penile cancer is found only in men who previously did not have circumcision. Mortality in cases of penile cancer in the U.S. is 25% (Castellsague, 2002). Circumcision significantly reduces the likelihood of developing penile cancer in men. Also the connection between circumcision and sexually transmitted diseases is also acknowledged (Rosen, 2010). These diseases, which typically include the integrity of the epithelium, or ulcers (genetalny herpes, syphilis, AIDS) are more common in men who were not circumcised (Waldeck, 2003). In addition, Australian researchers have found out that circumcised men are much less likely to get AIDS and other infectious diseases of the reproductive system. Scientists have discovered that immunodeficiency virus penetrates the foreskin much easier than other tissues of the male organism (Ferris, 2010). Also, a group of U.S. researchers, working in India under the leadership of Dr. Stephen Reynolds, made this conclusion, surveying more than 2 thousand men. The report of the Surgeon General is published in the medical journal Lancet (DArcy, 2011). The article says that the risk of getting the deadly virus for circumcised men is six times less than for those who did not pass this procedure. However, scientists announce that from other sexually transmitted infections, circumcision does not protect. The reason may lie in specific cells of the foreskin, which are very susceptible to HIV (DArcy, 2011).   Dr. Reynolds says that circumcision can be a serious tool in the fight against AIDS especially in developing countries, where condoms are not equally shared (DArcy, 2011). Previously, scientists believed that circumcised men were less susceptible to AIDS due to the special patterns of sexual behavior their upbringing did not permit to have casual sexual acts. However, it is clear now that the reason is just physiological and has nothing to do with ethics or religion (Brooks, 2010). The effects of circumcision have not only positive points, but negative also. One of the main effects is a severe pain. Previously, infants were circumcised without anesthesia, which in turn led to a painful shock, but nowadays local anesthesia is used almost always during such procedures. One more strong negative effect is unnecessary intervention in human anatomy. There is nothing superfluous in humans; in fact the foreskin performs the same role for the glans penis as the eyelid to the eye. It protects the glans penis. The opponents of circumcision believe that it is far from inconsistency to ethical standards. Since the infant can not decide himself whether he needs circumcision or not, human rights advocates say that decisions made by parents, are inhuman. Like most surgeries, the procedure of circumcision has a number of postoperative complications, the most common of which are the following: hematoma (bleeding in the tissue, or a bruise) and wound infection. To eliminate these negative effects, in most cases is possible through the most thorough dressing and postoperative area care. There are also possible such negative effects as contagious infection, the formation of excessive scar tissue, mechanical damage to the urethra during surgery, various strains of penis, swelling and inflammation of the urethra. Never the less such problems happen rather rare. A more serious consequence, requiring repeated surgical intervention is painful erections that are also considered as possible medical effects of circumcision. It is important to mention that the presence of the foreskin makes the surface of the glans penis moist corresponding humidity of womans vagina and that physiological. Penis after circumcision does not have such natural advantages, and circumcised men often have to use special lubricants during sex. Medical practice shows that children whose foreskin was cut are affected by infectious disease of the penis during the first years of life five times more often then children who were not circumcised. This is explained by the fact that smegma contains lysozyme, which reduces the risk of urinary tract infection. The infant is not asked whether he wants to have such surgery or not. Adults decide everything for him. However, any surgery is a trauma, the psychological consequences of which can persist for life. Americans, carefully, even reverently care about their mental health, combined into society under the slogan of opponents of circumcision: Circumcision mutilation and violence against childs personality. At the same time, the surgeons quite successfully develop techniques that allow pulling the skin of penis to form a new foreskin. Many people believe that circumcised foreskin impoverishes sexual feelings, and this view has the right for existence. Foreskin moves during the frictions, making the experience richer be the most natural way, without using any appliances from the store of intimate accessories. There is no doubt that circumcision is sometimes a necessary therapeutic measure during frequent inflammatory diseases of the foreskin, phimosis and paraphimosis. However, as a preventive operation, it is hardly justified, although not so long ago people practiced across-tonsillectomy as a preventive measure of angina, and cutting the appendix to avoid possible appendicitis. Heres what a well-known pediatrician, Dr. Hugh Jolly says: There is no doubt that the best thing you can do with the foreskin of your infant son, is to leave it, you just need to give it time to separate itself from the glans, and it will easily pull back. It happens at the age of 4. It is best to try to move the foreskin during bathing. However, if the glans is exposed difficultly, do not hurry, there is no need If you try to pull the foreskin before it happens naturally, you can damage skin and cause bleeding. The scar occurs at the place of injury. In cases where the foreskin is fused with the glans, circumcision can not be longer avoided (Morris, 2010). Until the natural separation of the foreskin, it protects the glans from infection. In infancy the cleansing of the glans penis in boys, as well as the clitoris in girls occurs itself, naturally. The irony is that it is after the cutoff there is an urgent need for careful care of the glans penis. Deepening and skin folds in the bridle and the corolla are ideal for bacterial growth. The glans penis which is not circumcised has a smooth, slippery and wet surface. After the cutoff, it becomes matte and dry. The modern mentality often equates dryness and purity that is why from this point of view the untouched by the circumcision glans seen as dirty. That is a fallacy. Young people in the United States regularly go to the doctor for circumcision. Their decision, they often motivate by partners insistence, which is usually due to three factors: hygiene, aesthetics and traditions. The woman is afraid of dirt that can accumulate under a fold of skin, wrinkling her unpleasant appearance of the foreskin and, finally, she wants her partner looked like the rest men in her family. The essence of the problem is that the excision of the foreskin causes severe pain. In most cases, operations are done without anesthesia, as it is commonly believed that in the first week of childs life it is risky. It looks awful when a small, helpless creature is tied to a special table for cutting. The child lies on it; crucified and abandoned by all He reacts with horror at the bright light of surgical lights, ringing metal tools, masks of doctors, shining knives and the terrible physical pain. None knows how long his continues continue. The psychological effects of such procedure are not studied yet, so none can tell how it affects a child. Journalist Philip Baffle wrote in The New York Times: Newborns experience pain. There is no need to explain it to parents; its not a mystery to many pediatricians. Unfortunately among doctors, who are operating babies without anesthetic or with minimal use, opposite opinion is dominated† (Gilliam, 2010). Philip Baffle states that according to one of scientific researched, 77% of all infants who had surgery because of serious defects of the cardiovascular system in 1954-1983, were given only local anesthesia, and very rare with the interrupted supply of nitrous oxide (Gilliam, 2010). Meanwhile, really effective painkillers, which are suitable for children, have already passed into the category of available. Such a rare use of analgesics while operating newborn proves that medical practice is sometimes based on incomplete knowledge and false beliefs and that criticism contributes the truth. The situation is changing. In most U.S. medical institutions doctors use painkillers during major surgery. However, some anesthesiologists stubbornly adhere to old beliefs and there are still surgical units where little children are operated without anesthesia in the case of simple operations, such as circumcision. Considerations which make the routine practice of circumcision doubtful include pain and risk associated with small surgical interventions. Circumcision is a surgical procedure, and the pain that is brought to the baby is also real. Pain is manifested in grimace, cry, heart palpitations and lack of saturation blood with oxygen (Kaufman, 2001). Studies indicate that circumcision in the neonatal period is a stress, which causes behavioral and psychological pain reactions (Malnory, 2003). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recognizes that there is a significant painful reaction during neonatal circumcision and recommends the use of analgesics (Gatrad, 2002).   One of researchers believes that the most important argument against circumcision is a permanent violation of anatomy, histology and functions of the penis, which are fraught with potential complications (Atikeler, 2001). The same study reports about complications including bleeding, stenosis, incomplete circumcision, penile edema, damage of the glands, adhesion, hypospadias and damage of urethra (Atikeler, 2001). The overall incidence of complications of circumcision according to the medical literature is 1.6% (El-Bhnasawy, 2002). Adhesion of the penis is the most preventable and non-binding complications of circumcision. Among all the complications, an adhesion is observed in 71% of cases (Kebaabetswe, 2003). After neonatal circumcision, the majority of adhesions resolve sponatanno (Kebaabetswe, 2003). Another risk associated with circumcision, is the lack or excess of skin that can cause problems such as recurrent phimosis (Gatrad, 2002). Phimosis happens in approximately 2.9% of cases (Blalock, 2003). In the UK, the circumcision is not practiced routinely, as the procedure has limited medical benefits. As a result, circumcision is a medical event, which is paid by insurance only in case of medical necessity (Shah, 1999). Summarizing everything that was written above, it is worth repeating that circumcision is a surgically removal of the foreskin. It is dome more due to cultural traditions, than medical prescriptions. Circumcision is a kind of intervention in the very intimate area associated with family and religious traditions. Typically, the feasibility of circumcision causes active debates. Modern parents, before deciding to cut off their son, must carefully think about pros and cons of this procedure and related to this operation danger. Circumcision causes medical and psychological effects on children and they are worth consideration while taking decision.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Essay example -- Health, Medici

Introduction In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in complementary medicine, and indeed alternative medicine (Lee-Treweek 2002, Andrews 2004, Barry 2006). Moreover the number of professionally trained therapist and practitioners has increased giving the patient/client a better choice and at more competitive rates (Smallwood, 2005). In this essay a critical assessment of the view that ‘patients use of complementary and alternative medicine, can be understood as part of the individualisation of responsibility for health’ will be made and argued, that there are many aspects which influence the uptake of such therapies. Responsibility for health has changed and this will be discussed by examples of sociological theories. Medical sociologists have been previously concerned with illness rather than health. Functionalists such as Parsons (1951) suggested illness was a deviance and had the effect of disruption on society which had to be controlled. He used the sick note to illustrate that the sick person was excused from performing normally, but this had to be kept to a minimum and the sick person had to want to get better. The function of the medical profession was to socially control the use of the sick note to those genuinely sick (Webb, Westergaard, 2004). However in today society the working pers on aims to keep working during some illnesses or at least limit the time spent away from work. To do this it involves taking some responsibility for keeping healthy and reducing the time actually being ill. Therefore by choosing to use CAM and alternative medicine, it could provide an additional method which may combat illness and help speed up recovery (Lett, 2000). 08015960 Possible reasons why patient/clie... ...t approach of dictating the direction the Nation Health Service should follow. This caused a vast change in how services were delivered, with cost influencing many decisions. Clinical governance emerged in the late 1990’s when New Labour took power, and evidence based practise became the norm. Netteleton (2010) likens clinical governance to Foucault’s term of ‘governmentality’ whereby collective objectives are kept in check. Evidence- based practise is an aspect that has been the most difficult for CAM and alternative practises to combine with, as measuring and gathering quality evidence is difficult to obtain. The integration into conventional health care will depend upon finding a balance between the two disciplines. However if individualism proves to favour CAM and alternative methods then social pressure may yield quicker than the academic struggle.